उत्पादन प्रणालियाँ
मौसमी और नियंत्रित वातावरण वाली खेती एक ही जीव विज्ञान पर चलती है, पर स्थान, बिजली, कम्पोस्ट और बाज़ार के अनुसार सही प्रणाली चुननी पड़ती है।
- By the end you can describe seasonal and controlled production and what each depends on.
- By the end you can name ICAR-DMR's growing months for plains, mid-hills and high hills.
- By the end you can list what to check about your own site before choosing.
ये आंकड़े संबंधित स्रोत और विधि के संदर्भ में हैं। इन्हें हर प्रजाति या फार्म का सार्वभौमिक निर्देश न मानें। पुराने मूल्य वर्तमान बाज़ार भाव नहीं हैं।
Receive the right compost
- Notice
- The delivered compost stage determines the work still needed.
- Understand
- Phase II and Phase III deliveries require different handovers.
- Try it
- Check the batch identity, supplied stage and release evidence.
01Seasonal: the winter does the cooling
Seasonal growers use the cold months to supply the fruiting temperature for free. ICAR-DMR's seasonal folder gives November to February for the north Indian plains, September to March for the mid-hills and March to November for the high hills. The 2011 manual says October to February for the plains, so treat the edges as soft.
The room is brick, mud or bamboo with a thatch roof, and ICAR-DMR says a start can be made in a 10 by 10 by 12 foot room. One crop is taken and picking runs 8 to 10 weeks.
02Controlled: the room replaces the season
A controlled unit has insulated rooms, an air handling unit that cools and humidifies, and usually a Phase II tunnel. ICAR-DMR's planning model assumes 60 day crops, 6 crops per room per year and an air to bed ratio of 1 to 5.
The price of independence from weather is a machine that must run every hour. A controlled farm is judged on crops completed per room per year and on how evenly its rooms perform. One good crop proves nothing, six in a row prove the system, and the power bill has to be paid by the crop.
03Same biology, different tolerances
Both chase the same targets but cannot hold them equally. ICAR-DMR quotes 95 percent relative humidity for a controlled spawn run and 80 to 90 percent for a seasonal one, because a ventilated shed cannot hold 95 percent. Each figure belongs to its own room.
Compost pairs with the room too. A tunnel unit makes short-method compost and a seasonal grower makes long-method compost, and ICAR-DMR reports 18 to 25 kg per 100 kg for the first against 10 to 15 kg for the second. Do not expect short-method yields from long-method compost.
04What the norms say about scale
MIDH guidelines of 2025 give a cost norm of 30 lakh rupees for a production unit, with 40 percent assistance to private growers as a credit-linked, back-ended subsidy. A low-cost norm of 2 lakh rupees for 200 square feet carries 50 percent.
Read these as two doorways, not as advice. The large norm needs a bank loan and full machinery; the small one fits a seasonal start. Know first how many months your site sits near 14 to 18 °C at night, whether power is reliable, where compost will come from, and who buys within a day's travel.
Build a one-page site profile
- For 7 nights record outdoor minimum and maximum temperature at the same two times daily.
- Note power: phases, outage hours in a normal week, cost per unit from the last bill.
- List straw and manure sources within 30 km with prices, and buyers within a day's travel with the weekly kg each would take.
- Mark your region on the ICAR-DMR season table, count your natural fruiting months, and write your choice with its reason.
डायरी में लिखें: The 7-day temperature table, power notes, input sources with prices, buyer list with weekly quantities, your written choice.
ये गलतियां न करें
- Building a controlled room before securing short-method compost, so its capacity is wasted.
- Starting a plains crop late and losing the last flushes to March heat.
- Sizing the farm to the subsidy norm instead of to weekly buyers.
खुद को जांचें
तीन सवाल, तुरंत जवाबWhy does ICAR-DMR give 80 to 90 percent humidity for a seasonal spawn run but 95 percent for a controlled one?
A controlled unit should be judged mainly on what?
Which MIDH component fits a 200 square foot start?
यह संपादकीय स्व-जांच है, प्रमाणपत्र नहीं। जवाब इस डिवाइस पर भी सहेजे नहीं जाते।
शब्दावली
- Seasonal cultivation
- One crop taken while outdoor temperature sits in the fruiting band.
- Air to bed ratio
- Room air volume divided by bed area; ICAR-DMR plans on 1 to 5.
- Back-ended subsidy
- Assistance released to the bank against a loan after the unit is built.
संदर्भ और आगे पढ़ें
Operating values require stage, strain, sensor and production-system context.
संदर्भ खोलें