प्रकाश, फलन और तुड़ाई
केसिंग के बाद कलिकाएं 3 से 5 दिन में निकलती हैं, फसल के दौरान रोशनी और ताजी हवा जरूरी है, और टोपी का सही आकार होने पर मशरूम को घुमाकर तोड़ें।
- By the end you can judge whether the first pinning is on time.
- By the end you can manage light, air and water during cropping.
- By the end you can pick at the right size and pack for a short shelf life.
ये आंकड़े संबंधित स्रोत और विधि के संदर्भ में हैं। इन्हें हर प्रजाति या फार्म का सार्वभौमिक निर्देश न मानें। पुराने मूल्य वर्तमान बाज़ार भाव नहीं हैं।
Watch the crop develop
- Notice
- Compare development from pins to accepted harvest.
- Understand
- Uneven results need investigation of materials and local conditions.
- Try it
- Mark sample bags and reconcile grade weights and sales.
01What the first pins tell you
Once mycelium reaches the casing top, DMR reports pinheads within 3 to 5 days and about a week more to full size. TNAU, working in Tamil Nadu, reports buttons about 10 days after casing and harvest 7 days later.
Both are published Indian figures. What matters is your own count. If expected development is absent, investigate strain and stage, colonisation, casing preparation and moisture, room conditions and crop health. Timing alone does not identify the cause.
So write the casing date on the bag itself. Without that date the first pinning is a surprise you cannot repeat.
02Light is a requirement, not decoration
Milky mushroom fruits in light. The 2011 manual says light should be given for the maximum duration through the whole cropping period, but it gives no lux figure and no photoperiod.
TNAU is the only Indian source read here that puts a number on it: 2500 to 3000 lux for button formation, with cased beds kept inside a blue polythene tent. That is bright, roughly a shaded verandah, far more than a dim store room.
In a dark room pins either fail to form or come up on long thin stalks. Diffused window light or tube lights on a timer both work. Direct afternoon sun on the bags does not.
03Air and water during cropping
The 2011 manual asks for a minimum of 3 to 4 air changes per hour once fruiting starts. That is far less than a button room needs, but it is not zero, and a sealed room gives long stalks with small caps.
Hold 30 to 35 C. The folder keeps humidity at 80 to 90 percent; the manual's water management section narrows it to 80 to 85 percent during cropping.
Water the casing surface, not the mushrooms. Fine mist on walls and floor lifts humidity without leaving a film on caps, and a wet cap in warm air is where bacterial spotting starts.
04Picking and packing
DMR's two documents give two picking sizes. The farmer folder calls the cap mature at 5 to 6 cm; the 2011 manual harvests at 7 to 8 cm diameter. Pick by twisting with thumb and finger, then trim the soiled stem base with a clean knife.
ICAR-DMR reports a biological efficiency close to 100 percent, about one kilogram of fresh mushroom per kilogram of dry straw. That is a reported figure, not a promise.
Pack into polythene with at least four holes of 4 to 5 mm. Shelf life is 3 to 4 days without loss of colour, so plan the sale before the pick.
Watch one bag for a full flush
- Mark one bag and write its casing date on it.
- Note the day the first pinhead appears and count back.
- Measure three caps each morning until you pick.
- Pick at the size your buyer asks for and weigh that bag alone.
- Pack with four holes of 4 to 5 mm and check again on day two.
डायरी में लिखें: Casing date, first pin date, cap sizes, pick date, weight per bag, condition on day two.
ये गलतियां न करें
- Cropping in a dark store room, which gives long stalks and small caps.
- Spraying water onto mushrooms, which leaves spots buyers reject.
- Picking everything at one size when the buyer pays by grade.
खुद को जांचें
तीन सवाल, तुरंत जवाबHow long after mycelium reaches the casing top do pinheads appear?
Which Indian source gives a lux figure for milky?
Why not spray water directly onto caps?
यह संपादकीय स्व-जांच है, प्रमाणपत्र नहीं। जवाब इस डिवाइस पर भी सहेजे नहीं जाते।
शब्दावली
- Flush
- One wave of mushrooms picked over a few days.
- Lux
- A unit of light falling on a surface.
- Stipe
- The stalk of the mushroom below the cap.
संदर्भ और आगे पढ़ें
Species, strain, climate and production method must remain explicit.
संदर्भ खोलें